US states sue Trump administration for weakening endangered species protections

NEW YORK — U.S. states filed two lawsuits on Wednesday accusing President Donald Trump's administration of illegally weakening the federal Endangered Species Act, a landmark law that has shielded the bald eagle and ​other wildlife from dangers posed by development.

The lawsuits by the Democratic attorneys general of 20 states and Washington, D.C. were filed less than two months after the Department of the Interior and the Department of Commerce announced final rules that could make it easier for developers, fossil fuel ‌companies and others to disturb lands that environmental advocates say need protection from business interests.

Enacted by Congress in 1973, the Endangered Species Act has been credited with saving animals including the California condor, grizzly bear and humpback ⁠whale.

In one lawsuit, the states challenged a rule that narrowed the Endangered Species Act's ​definition of "harm," which had long included encroachments on habitats where endangered animals live.

The ⁠new rule, which the states called "a reversal of staggering proportions," allows oil drilling, mining and other activities in those habitats so long as those activities are not "directed ‌immediately and intentionally" against particular animals, even ‌if they cause injuries or death.

In the other lawsuit, the states challenged two rules. One rule eliminates broad protections for newly threatened species ⁠unless the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service creates species-specific protections. The second rule requires the government to consider objections ⁠by businesses, such as potential economic burdens, before declaring areas as "critical habitats."

"The Trump administration is trying to undermine the law, the will of Congress and the will of the people who overwhelmingly support protections for endangered species," Washington Attorney General Nick Brown said at a press conference. "Instead of stewardship, this administration's approach to our land, to our water is one of exploitation."

Interior Department resists 'overreach'

According to the complaints, the "arbitrary and capricious" rules imposed by the Interior Department's Fish and Wildlife Service and the Commerce Department's National Marine Fisheries Service violate the National Environmental Policy Act, which designated the federal government as "trustee of the environment" for ‌future generations.

Both lawsuits were filed in federal courts in the San Francisco area. Environmental groups have also sued to block the ​revised definition of harm.

"The role of federal agencies is to faithfully implement the Endangered Species Act as written, not to expand its reach through interpretations favored by advocacy organizations," an Interior Department spokesperson said.

"This lawsuit seeks to preserve a decades-old regulatory overreach that expanded the Endangered Species Act beyond the authority granted by Congress," the spokesperson added. "The department will vigorously defend its authority to implement the law according to its plain text."

A spokesperson for the fisheries service said that the agency does not discuss pending litigation.

Democratic-led states have filed dozens of lawsuits challenging sweeping policy changes during the second White House term of Trump, a Republican.

Weakening the Endangered Species Act aligns with Trump's goal to reduce regulations that he said constrain American businesses.

These include the scaling back of a variety of environmental initiatives and standards, ​including reducing government support for clean energy and repealing a scientific finding by former President Barack Obama's administration that climate change threatens public health.

Future generations benefit from law, state AG says

Many wildlife advocates ‌consider habitat loss ‌the biggest cause of animal extinction. ⁠Wednesday's lawsuits stated 99% of species that the Endangered Species Act protects have avoided extinction.

"We owe future generations a world where bald eagles soar, sea turtles swim and all wildlife thrives," New York Attorney General Letitia James said in a statement.

Interior Secretary Doug Burgum has said the Endangered Species Act has been "weaponized" to stop a myriad of projects, weakening competitiveness, undermining national security and hurting Americans' pocketbooks.

He has said the new rules more closely align the law with its original intent.

The changes follow the U.S. Supreme ‌Court's decision in 2024 to overrule a 40-year-old precedent ​that required courts to defer to federal agencies' reasonable interpretations of laws they administer.

Wednesday's lawsuits were ‌led by Washington State, California, Maryland and ⁠Massachusetts. Other plaintiffs include New York, Arizona, ​Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia and Wisconsin.

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