Estimated read time: 4-5 minutes
- Canada's Liberals, led by Mark Carney, retained power in elections, aided by backlash.
- Trump's tariffs and annexation comments spurred patriotism, boosting support for Carney's Liberals.
- Liberals won 168 seats; Conservatives 144. Carney seeks coalition for a slim majority.
OTTAWA — Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney's Liberals staged a major political comeback to retain power in parliamentary elections, fuelled by a backlash against U.S. President Donald Trump's tariffs and comments on making Canada the 51st U.S. state.
With almost all votes counted, results from Elections Canada showed that the Liberals had won 168 electoral districts, followed by the Conservatives with 144.
Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre, who just three months ago had looked certain to sweep the polls, lost his seat in the Ontario district of Carleton to Liberal Bruce Fanjoy.
The Liberals, who have been in power for more than nine years, were 20 percentage points behind in surveys in January before the unpopular Justin Trudeau announced he was quitting as prime minister and Trump started threatening tariffs and annexation.
"It was the 'anybody-but-Conservative' factor, it was the Trump tariff factor, and then it was the Trudeau departure ... which enabled a lot of left-of-center voters and traditional Liberal voters to come back to the party," said Shachi Kurl, president of the Angus Reid Institute polling firm.
Despite the gains, the Liberals will not get the outright majority that Carney had sought, to help him negotiate with Trump on the tariffs threatening Canada's economy.
They needed 172 of the House of Commons' 343 seats to be able to rule without the support of a smaller party.
The Canadian dollar weakened slightly against the U.S. dollar. Futures for Canada's main stock index were marginally higher in choppy trade on Tuesday.
"Our old relationship with the United States, a relationship based on steadily increasing integration, is over," Carney said in a victory speech in Ottawa.
"The system of open global trade anchored by the United States, a system that Canada has relied on since the Second World War, a system that, while not perfect, has helped deliver prosperity for our country for decades, is over.
"These are tragedies, but it's also our new reality."
Conservatives concede defeat
Carney said the coming months would be challenging and require sacrifices.
Poilievre conceded defeat and said his party would continue to hold the government to account.
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and British Prime Minister Keir Starmer congratulated Carney.
"The bond between Europe and Canada is strong — and growing stronger," von der Leyen said. "I look forward to working closely together, both bilaterally and within the G7. We'll defend our shared democratic values, promote multilateralism, and champion free and fair trade."
Starmer said he looked forward to Carney's leadership on international issues and to continuing to work closely "on defense, security, trade and investment."
Our old relationship with the United States, a relationship based on steadily increasing integration, is over. The system of open global trade anchored by the United States, a system that ... has helped deliver prosperity for our country for decades, is over. These are tragedies, but it's also our new reality.
– Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney
Carney had promised a tough approach to Washington's import tariffs and said Canada would need to spend billions to reduce its reliance on the U.S. But the right-of-center Conservatives showed unexpected strength.
Minority governments in Canada rarely last longer than 2-1/2 years. If Carney strikes a deal with the left-leaning New Democrats and the Greens, he will be able to scrape together a slim majority.
"That's ... very fragile," said Philippe Lagasse, a professor and constitutional expert at Ottawa's Carleton University. "Every confidence vote will be stressful. Every by-election will be quite consequential."
Trump spurs wave of patriotism
Trump's threats spurred a wave of patriotism that boosted support for Carney, a political newcomer who had previously led the Canadian and British central banks.
Trump re-emerged as a campaign factor last week, declaring that he might raise a 25% tariff on Canadian-made cars because the U.S. did not want them. He said earlier he might use "economic force" to make Canada the 51st state.
Carney has argued that his experience handling economic issues makes him the best leader to deal with Trump, while Poilievre tapped into concerns about the cost of living, crime and a housing crisis.
Trump, in a social media post on Monday, reiterated his call for Canada to become the 51st state.
"Good luck to the Great people of Canada," he said. "Elect the man who has the strength and wisdom to cut your taxes in half, increase your military power, for free, to the highest level in the World, have your Car, Steel, Aluminum, Lumber, Energy, and all other businesses, QUADRUPLE in size, WITH ZERO TARIFFS OR TAXES, if Canada becomes the cherished 51st. State of the United States of America. No more artificially drawn line from many years ago."
Tensions with the U.S. caused supporters of two smaller parties, the left-leaning New Democratic Party and the separatist Bloc Quebecois, to shift to the Liberals. NDP leader Jagmeet Singh conceded defeat in his own district and said he planned to quit as party leader.
